{"id":23407,"date":"2021-10-14T12:01:51","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T12:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irancld.com\/advanced-linux-scripting-for-webmasters-5\/"},"modified":"2024-03-14T12:54:17","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T13:54:17","slug":"advanced-linux-scripting-for-webmasters-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.novinhost.org\/advanced-linux-scripting-for-webmasters-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 – \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u06f5 \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627 : <\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633, \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0644, \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0646, \u0627\u0641 \u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0648\u00a0 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647.\u00a0 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/passwd \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n \n \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644, \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u00a0 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 grep \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a<\/a>\u0633\u0626\u0648<\/a><\/span> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 tom:<\/p>\n grep tom \/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 IFS \u0648 While \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n #!\/bin\/bash<\/em><\/p>\n # seven fields from \/etc\/passwd stored in $f1,f2…,$f7<\/em><\/p>\n #<\/em><\/p>\n do<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0echo<\/strong>\u00a0“User $f1 use $f7 shell and stores files in $f6 directory.”<\/p>\n \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f, \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 root \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631 centos) \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n Passwd username<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc username \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f, \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 username \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chage \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc passwd \u0648 shadow \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u2013s \u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n Passwd \u2013l username \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f, \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 passwd -u {username} \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u00a0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<\/h2>\n
\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h2>\n
\n
\n\n
\n \n \n
\n
\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/shadow<\/h3>\n
\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 passwd \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/h3>\n
chage username<\/pre>\n
\n\n
\n \n -d, --lastday LAST_DAY\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 set date of last password change to LAST_DAY<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -E, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE\u00a0 set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -h, --help\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 display this help message and exit<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -I, --inactive INACTIVE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 set password inactive after expiration<\/pre>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to INACTIVE<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -l, --list\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 show account aging information<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -m, --mindays MIN_DAYS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 set minimum number of days before password<\/pre>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 change to MIN_DAYS<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -M, --maxdays MAX_DAYS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 set maximim number of days before password<\/pre>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 change to MAX_DAYS<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -R, --root CHROOT_DIR\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 directory to chroot into<\/pre>\n
\u00a0 -W, --warndays WARN_DAYS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 set expiration warning days to WARN_DAYS<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
pwck -r \/<\/strong>etc\/<\/strong>passwd<\/strong><\/pre>\n
pwck -r \/<\/strong>etc\/<\/strong>shadow<\/pre>\n
\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/strong><\/h3>\n