{"id":23442,"date":"2021-12-02T12:01:43","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T13:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irancld.com\/osi\/"},"modified":"2025-10-06T13:54:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:24:59","slug":"osi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.novinhost.org\/wiki\/osi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc osi \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n<\/strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc osi \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n

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\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h3>\n

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\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06be\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Chunk<\/strong> \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f Header<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f. \u06be\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Frame<\/strong> \u00a0\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 Frame<\/strong> \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u06be\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a :<\/p>\n

\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/p>\n

\u06be\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 Interface<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u00a0Media<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 Media \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06be\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 Physical<\/strong> \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 OSI<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f7 :<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc osi\u060c\u00a0 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 Chunk<\/strong> \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u00a0\u00a0Presentation<\/strong> \u00a0\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u06be\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 Recovery Error \u0648 Control Flow<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u06be\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u06be\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f6 :<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc osi \u060c\u00a0 \u0639\u0645\u0644 Compression<\/strong> \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0646 Decompression<\/strong> \u0648 \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 Encryption \u0648 Decryption<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 Redirector \u06cc\u0627 RDR<\/strong> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06be\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 Redirect<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0641\u06be\u0648\u0645 Compression \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 Encryption<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06be\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 Format<\/strong> \u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u06be\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f5 :<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 Connection<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc Session<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Frame<\/strong> \u06be\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 Session \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06be\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06be\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 Handshaking Way<\/strong> Three<\/strong> \u00a0\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u06be\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 Session<\/strong> \u06be\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 Oriented \u00a0Connection<\/strong> \u00a0\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 Connectionless<\/strong> \u00a0\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f4 :<\/h3>\n

\u06be\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a Oriented Connection<\/strong> \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 Connectionless<\/strong> \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06be\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. (\u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<\/strong>) \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0644 Recovery Error \u00a0<\/strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06be\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u06be\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. Number Sequence<\/strong> \u06be\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632\u0637\u0631\u0641\u06cc Assemble<\/strong> \u00a0\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a ACK\/SYN<\/strong> \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06be\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f3 :<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u06be\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc Address MAC \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u06be\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 IP<\/strong> \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 SPX\/IPX<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06be\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06be\u0627\u06cc Physical<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u06be\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u0686\u06be\u0627\u0631\u0645 (\u06be\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647)<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 Logical \u0628\u0647 Frame<\/strong> \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

    \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f2 :<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 MAC<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 Firmware<\/strong> \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06be\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 Ethernet<\/strong> \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 CRC<\/strong> \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Frame <\/strong>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u06be\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

    \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06f1 :<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc osi \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u06be \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u06be\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u06be\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/a>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc osi \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f : \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u06be\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06be\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u06be\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06be\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u06be\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc osi \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f - 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